Abstract
The phenolic profile of Amazon grape fruit (Pourouma cecropiifolia Martius) was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). For this purpose, suitable extraction and liquid chromatographic methods were developed. Anthocyanins, flavonols and chlorogenic acids were found mainly in the peel. Besides the main anthocyanins, i.e. delphinidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-(6”-malonyl)glucoside, several minor anthocyanins were identified in the peel. Among these, cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, delphinidin 3-galactoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, cyanidin 3-(3”-malonyl)glucoside, malvidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside, peonidin 3-glucoside and petunidin 3-glucoside were characterized on the basis of their fragmentation patterns in MS/MS experiments. The total anthocyanin content in the peel was 420.26 ± 3.07 mg kg-1 fresh weight. The pulp contained mainly 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (210.39 ± 3.43 mg kg-1 fresh weight). Rutin was the predominant flavonol found in Amazon grape (peel 155.45 ± 2.06 mg kg-1 fresh weight and pulp 2.64 ± 1.21 mg kg-1 fresh weight). Total polyphenols content was higher in the peel than in the pulp.
Highlights
Fruits are excellent sources of bioactive components, mainly secondary plant metabolites such as carotenoids and polyphenols
Studies are not limited to anthocyanins but comprise other flavonoids and phenolic acids
The identification of quercetin derivatives in Amazon grape was based on comparison of their retention times and mass spectrometric data with those of pure standards of rutin, quercetin-3-galactoside and quercetin-3-glucoside, and mango peel extract which was characterized by Schieber et al [10]
Summary
Fruits are excellent sources of bioactive components, mainly secondary plant metabolites such as carotenoids and polyphenols. Amazon grape (Pourouma cecropiifolia Martius), which belongs to the Moraceae family, is a tropical fruit that has a sweet and juicy flesh with a characteristic flavor which resembles Muscat grape with a mild wintergreen mint aroma. It is the only species of Pourouma that is cultivated for the consumption of the fruits in several countries located in the western Amazon Basin since pre-Hispanic times and is referred to as mapati. To obtain a more comprehensive knowledge of the composition of this tropical fruit, the aim of the present investigation was to identify and quantify individual phenolic compounds in the peel and pulp of Amazon grape by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS
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