Abstract
Ilyonectria destructans is a pathogenic fungus causing root rot and other symptoms on trees and many crops. This paper analyses the mitochondrial genome of I. destructans and compares it with other published Nectriaceae mitogenomes. The I. destructans mitogenome appears as a circular DNA molecule of 42,895 bp and an overall GC content of 28.23%. It contains 28 protein-coding genes (15 core protein genes and 13 free-standing ORFs), two rRNAs and 27 tRNAs. The gene content and order were found to be conserved in the mitogenome of I. destructans and other Nectriaceae, although the genome size varies because of the variation in the number and length of intergenic regions and introns. For most core protein-coding genes in Nectriaceae species, Ka/Ks < 1 indicates purifying selection. Among some Nectriaceae representatives, only the rps3 gene was found under positive selection. Phylogenetic analyses based on nucleotide sequences of 15 protein-coding genes divided 45 Hypocreales species into six major clades matching the families Bionectriaceae, Cordycipitaceae, Clavicipitaceae, Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae. I. destructans appeared as a sister species to unidentified Ilyonectia sp., closely related to C. ilicicola, N. cinnabarina and a clad of ten Fusarium species and G. moniliformis. The complete mitogenome of I. destructans reported in the current paper will facilitate the study of epidemiology, biology, genetic diversity of the species and the evolution of family Nectriace and the Hypocreales order.
Highlights
The genus Ilyonectria is one of the fungi genera with Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs
The organization, structure and content of mitochondrial genomes have been intensively studied, especially in a nimals[23]. This preference is observed in the number of mt genomes deposited in the Organelle Genome Resources database at NCBI server (NCBI): of the total number of 12,996 mitochondrial genomes, 11,311 represent animals, while the second position in this ranking is occupied by fungi with only 894 mt genomes, 688 of which belong to Ascomycetes
The complete mitochondrial genome of I. destructans represents a circular molecule with a size of 42,895 bp and an overall GC content of 28.23% (Fig. 1)
Summary
The genus Ilyonectria is one of the fungi genera with Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs. I. destructans and its Cylindrocarpon-like anamorph represent a species complex of cosmopolitan soil fungi which usually form chlamydospores that allow them to survive for long dormancy periods. They are pathogens associated with cankers, root rots and black foot disease on a wide range of hosts that include both herbaceous and woody p lants[1,3]. The organization, structure and content of mitochondrial genomes have been intensively studied, especially in a nimals[23]. The current study provided insights into the evolution and dynamics of protein-coding sequences within the Nectriaceae family and revealed the phylogenetic status of I. destructans (among other Hypocreales members) based on a combined set of mitochondrial genes
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