Characterization and Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of Ag- and TiOx-Based (x = 2, 3) Composite Nanomaterials under UV Irradiation

Abstract

Metal and metal oxide nanostructured materials have been chemically and physically characterized and tested concerning methylene blue (MB) photoremoval and UV antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In detail, silver nanoparticles and commercial BaTiO3 nanoparticles were modified to obtain nanocomposites through sonicated sol–gel TiO2 synthesis and the photodeposition of Ag nanoparticles, respectively. The characterization results of pristine nanomaterials and synthetized photocatalysts revealed significant differences in specific surface area (SSA), the presence of impurities in commercial Ag nanoparticles, an anatase phase with brookite traces for TiO2-based nanomaterials, and a mixed cubic–tetragonal phase for BaTiO3. Silver nanoparticles exhibited superior antibacterial activity at different dosages; however, they were inactive in the photoremoval of the dye. The silver–TiOx nanocomposite demonstrated an activity in the UV photodegradation of MB and UV inhibition of bacterial growth. Specifically, TiO2/AgNP (30–50 nm) reduced growth by 487.5 and 1.1 × 103 times for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, at a dose of 500 μg/mL under UV irradiation.