Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Cellulose Acetate-Polyurethane Film for Lead II Ion Removal.

M Iqhrammullah,H Suyanto,K H Kurniawan,C K Abdullah,H P S Abdul Khalil,Marlina Marlina,S N Abdulmadjid,I Karnadi,N G Olaiya,R Hedwig

doi:10.3390/polym12061317

Abstract

Global pollution from toxic metal waste has resulted in increased research on toxic metal adsorption. A cellulose acetate–polyurethane (CA–PU) film adsorbent was successfully prepared in this research. The cellulose acetate–polyurethane film adsorbent was prepared with a polycondensation reaction between cellulose acetate and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. The CA–PU bond formation was confirmed by functional group analysis obtained from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The obtained film was characterized for improved tensile and thermal properties with the addition of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The adsorption ability of the obtained film was evaluated with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The best film adsorbent from the LIBS was selected and studied for adsorption isotherm. The FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of the CA–PU bond from the polycondensation between cellulose acetate and the methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. The result showed that the addition of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) resulted in the urethane network’s growth. The characterization result showed an improvement in the morphology, thermal stability, and tensile strength of the film. The LIBS studies showed improvement in the adsorption of Pb2+ with CA–PU compared with the neat CA. The isotherm studies revealed that Pb2+ adsorption by cellulose acetate–polyurethane film adsorbent was heterogeneously dependent on the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.97044). Overall, the polycondensation method proposed by this study enhanced the Pb2+ removal, and was comparable to those reported in previous studies.

Highlights

The adsorption of heavy toxic metals to prevent environmental pollution has become a global issue
Cellulose acetate–polyurethane (CA–PU) film was obtained through a condensation reaction between the hydroxyl group from cellulose anhydroglucose units and the isocyanate group from methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)
Cellulose acetate was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane at 100 ◦ C, and the solution was used in the polycondensation reaction with MDI, as proposed by Fischer et al [21]

Summary

Introduction

The adsorption of heavy toxic metals to prevent environmental pollution has become a global issue. The global pollution from toxic metals released from industrial wastewater and mining sites has been on the increase. The increase in the pollution caused by toxic metals released has resulted in the development of more efficient and effective materials as adsorbents. Polymeric films from biopolymers have been proposed as a good adsorbent for toxic heavy metals [1,2]. In order to achieve this, the three (3) hydroxyl (OH) groups in the cellulose anhydroglucose unit, in its dissolved state, reacted with the acetic acid and acetic anhydrate to produce cellulose acetate. As a result of these properties, cellulose acetate has been used as a film-shaped adsorbent for heavy metal pollution such as lead (Pb) [4]

Methods

Results

Conclusion