Abstract
Intercropping has been considered as a kind of a sustainable agricultural cropping system. In southwest China, maize/soybean strip intercropping has commonly been practised under local limited agricultural land resources. However, heavy rainfall in combination with high humidity and low temperatures cause severe pod and seed deterioration in the maturity and pre-harvesting stages of intercropped soybean. Numerous Fusarium species have been reported as the dominant pathogens of soybean root rot, seedling blight, as well as pod field mold in this area. However, the diversity and pathogenicity of Fusarium species on soybean pods remain unclear. In the current study, diseased soybean pods were collected during the cropping season of 2018 from five different intercropped soybean producing areas. A total of 83 Fusarium isolates were isolated and identified as F. fujikuroi, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, and F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of EF1-α and RPB2 genes. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that all Fusarium species were pathogenic to seeds of the intercropped soybean cultivar Nandou12. Fusarium fujikuroi had the maximum disease severity, with a significant reduction of seed germination rate, root length, and seed weight, followed by F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, and F. incarnatum. Additionally, the diversity of Fusarium species on soybean pods was also considerably distinct according to the geographical origin and soybean varieties. Thus, the findings of the current study will be helpful for the management and resistance breeding of soybean pod decay in the maize/soybean intercropping system.
Highlights
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an economically-important oilseed crop and is considered a critical processing material for supplementary nutritious foods [1,2]
Partial gene sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) were amplified, and analyses of sequence similarity showed that 83 Fusarium isolates exhibited above 93–99% similarity with F. fujikuroi, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, and F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex on the databases of Fusarium MLST and the FUSARIUM-ID
F. fujikuroi, F. pods graminearum, F. proliferatum, F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex from from diseased soybean in intercropped soybeanand based on the morphological characteristics and diseased soybean pods in intercropped soybean based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) and RPB2 gene sequences
Summary
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an economically-important oilseed crop and is considered a critical processing material for supplementary nutritious foods [1,2]. Previous studies have demonstrated that in contrast to monoculture, maize/soybean strip intercropping has distinct advantages in terms of promoting resource use efficiency [7,8,9,10,11], increasing crop production [12,13,14,15], improving soil quality [16], suppressing field weeds [6] and maintaining the agro-ecological system [5] It has been practiced in several single-season cropping regions of Huang-Huaihai and northwest China as a kind of creative, sustainable agriculture cropping pattern [5]. This may reduce crop productivity significantly, and represent a potential risk for the application of maize/soybean intercropping
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