Abstract
A rapid method for characterization and online detection of surfactin isomers was developed based on HPLC-MSn (n = 1, 2, 3) analyses, and many surfactin isomers were detected and characterized from the bioactive fraction of the mangrove bacterium Bacillus sp. Inhibitory activities of surfactin isomers on the overproduction of nitric oxide and the release of TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-induced macrophages were systematically investigated. It was revealed that the surfactin isomers showed strong inhibitory properties on the overproduction of nitric oxide and the release of IL-6 on LPS-induced murine macrophage cell RAW264.7 with IC50 values ranging from 1.0 to 7.0 μM. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that the existence of the free carboxyl group in the structure of surfactin isomers was crucial. These findings will be very helpful for the development of this novel kind of natural product as new anti-inflammatory agents.
Highlights
Surfactin isomers are cyclic lipopeptide biosurfactants consisting of seven amino acid units and one-hydroxyl fatty acid side chain with diverse chain lengths of 13–15 carbons which are characteristic metabolites of the genus Bacillus
Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that the existence of the free carboxyl group was essential in the structure of surfactin isomer, since monomethylated derivatization of surfactin isomer decreased the inhibitory effects on the overproduction of nitric oxide and the release of IL-6 and TNF- on LPS-induced murine macrophage cell RAW264.7
A rapid method for characterizing surfactin isomers was successfully developed based on HPLC-MSn analyses and many trace amounts were detected from the fraction (061341-A9) of the mangrove bacterium Bacillus sp
Summary
-hydroxyl fatty acid side chain with diverse chain lengths of 13–15 carbons which are characteristic metabolites of the genus Bacillus. Surfactin isomers are best known for their multifaceted interactions with biological systems that result in a number of physiological and biochemical activities [8], and can incorporate into the phospholipid bilayer and induce permeabilization and perturbation of target cell owing to their amphipathic nature. These characteristics make them promising for the treatment of a number of global public health issues. Inhibitory activities of surfactin isomers on the overproduction of nitric oxide and the release of TNF- and IL-6 in LPS-induced macrophages were simultaneously investigated
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