Abstract
The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) aboard Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-16 and -17 satellites represent the next-generation geostationary multispectral imaging instrument. Since GOES-16 ABI imagery data became available, stray light was observed in ABI visible, near-infrared (VNIR), and 3.9 μm, i.e., CH07, channels. A stray-light characterization scheme was developed to quantitatively monitor stray-light variation in ABI imagery. The stray-light analysis is focused on ABI CH07, whose nighttime radiometric performance being impacted by stray light is of main concern. It is found that the stray light in the ABI imagery occurs over ∼3 months around spring and fall equinox each year. The maximum stray light of GOES-16 ABI CH07 is ∼0.65 K at 300 K scene in zone of normal performance (ZONP), i.e., region with relative solar angle >7.5 deg, which is within the radiometric requirement of 1 K. The analysis of Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) CH07 data indicates that its maximum stray light is ∼3.35 K at 300 K scene in ZONP, much higher than that of GOES-16. This confirms the effectiveness of reducing the major stray-light leaking path in ABI as a result of lessons learned from Himawari-8 AHI. The magnitude of GOES-17 ABI CH07 stray light is shown to be ∼0.45 K in ZONP, slightly lower than GOES-16. The analysis of AHI 3.9 and 6.2 μm channel stray-light radiance ratio is shown to match the ratio of solar irradiance spectrum, which suggests that the stray-light issue is due to direct leakage of solar radiation through the instrument. Further characterization and monitoring of GOES-16 ABI VNIR channel stray light also help understand the solar origin of ABI stray light. This paper also investigated cases of strong atmospheric refraction-induced stray-light contamination onto ABI detectors during solar eclipse seasons and presents scheme to reduce such potentially harmful contamination.
Highlights
The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-16 and -17 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) represent the next-generation satellite in geosynchronous orbit
As the result of lessons learned from analysis of Himawari- 8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) data, the optical path of major stray-light leaking in AHI was identified by the instrument vendor and fixes were applied to GOES-16 and -17 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) to remedy the stray light
This paper developed a stray-light characterization scheme to quantitatively monitor the occurrence, location, and magnitude of stray-light variation in GOES-16 and -17 ABI and Himawari-8 AHI imagery data
Summary
The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-16 and -17 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) represent the next-generation satellite in geosynchronous orbit. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) is the primary instrument aboard GOES-16 and -17 and represents the next-generation visible, near-infrared (VNIR), and infrared (IR) imager at geosynchronous orbit. As the result of lessons learned from analysis of Himawari- 8 AHI data, the optical path of major stray-light leaking in AHI was identified by the instrument vendor and fixes were applied to GOES-16 and -17 ABI to remedy the stray light. We developed a stray-light characterization scheme to quantitatively monitor the occurrence, location, and magnitude of stray-light variation in ABI FD imagery. There were cases of strong atmospheric refraction-induced stray-light contamination onto ABI detectors during solar eclipse season which can be harmful to these detectors. The remediation scheme to avoid or reduce such potentially harmful stray-light contamination is reported
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