Characterization and modeling of the active surface area on TiO2-RuO2 anode modified by graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide in the chlor-alkali process by RSM

Abstract

The sol-gel technique was used to investigate the facile synthesis and modification of TiO2-RuO2 coating by graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on titanium. Modeling and optimization of the dimensionally stable anode (DSA) were performed using response surface methodology (RSM). The electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) as an intrinsic factor was evaluated. Finally, the analyses of XRD, FTIR, XPS, FE-SEM, AFM, TEM, and CV were used to assess the applied coatings. The results indicated that the selectivity concept of the electrode, which reveals the extrinsic property, could be increased up to 5.8 times more than the DSA. The exchange charge density predicted by the model for the optimized and re-synthesized electrodes were 212.278 and 215.14 mC.cm−2 respectively, which indicates the reliability of the developed model.