Abstract
Endophytes are considered to be excellent biocontrol agents and biofertilizers, and are associated with plant growth promotion and health. In particular, seed-endophytic bacteria benefit the host plant’s progeny via vertical transmission, and can play a role in plant growth and defense. However, seed-associated endophytic bacteria have not been fully explored, with very little known about how they interact with peanut (Arachis hypogaea), for example. Here, 10 genera of endophytic bacteria were isolated from the root tips of peanut seedlings grown either aseptically or in soil. Forty-two bacterial colonies were obtained from peanut seedlings grown in soil, mostly from the genus Bacillus. Eight colonies were obtained from aseptic seedling root tips, including Bacillus sp., Paenibacillus sp., and Pantoea dispersa. Four Bacillus peanut strains GL1–GL4 (B.p.GL1-GL4) produced bio-films, while B.p.GL2 and Paenibacillus glycanilyticus YMR3 (P.g.YMR3) showed strong amylolytic capability, enhanced peanut biomass, and increased numbers of root nodules. Conversely, P. dispersa YMR1 (P.d.YMR1) caused peanut plants to wilt. P.g.YMR3 was distributed mainly around or inside vacuoles and was transmitted to the next generation through gynophores and ovules. Hexanoate, succinate, and jasmonic acid (JA) accumulated in peanut root tips after incubation with P.g.YMR3, but linolenate content decreased dramatically. This suggests that strain P.g.YMR3 increases JA content (14.93-fold change) and modulates the metabolism of peanut to facilitate nodule formation and growth. These findings provide new insight into plant–seed endophytic bacterial interactions in peanut.
Highlights
The peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a member of the Fabaceae family, and is of great importance worldwide as a food, oil, and cash crop (Sobolev et al, 2013)
Our previous work has shown that similar endophytes are distributed in or around the vacuoles in plant root tissues, to further sustain this, low pH (3.5–5.0) was used to isolate bacteria from the root tips of peanut seedlings grown aseptically or in soil
The endophytic bacteria were named using the prefix GL to represent those that were isolated from soil-grown peanut seedling root tips, and using the prefix YMR to represent those isolated from aseptic peanut seedling root tips
Summary
The peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a member of the Fabaceae family, and is of great importance worldwide as a food, oil, and cash crop (Sobolev et al, 2013). Characteristics of Peanut Seed Endophytic Bacteria bacteria, are considered to be excellent biofertilizers and biocontrol agents in agriculture. They are associated with plant growth promotion and health, but can transmit these benefits from one generation of plants to the (Huang and Pang, 2017; Chen et al, 2019). J49, Methylobacterium spp., Sphingomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Curtobacterium spp. and Paenibacillus spp., have been shown to promote peanut growth (Sundin and Jacobs, 1999; Madhaiyan et al, 2006; Haggag and Timmusk, 2008; Sadaf et al, 2016; Liu et al, 2017; Ludueña et al, 2018; Chen et al, 2019; Prestes et al, 2019). Very little is known about endophyte behavior and vertical transmission in peanut
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