Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are natural glycolipid biosurfactants which have potential applications in the fields of food, cosmetic and medicine. In this study, MELs were produced from vegetable oil by Pseudozyma aphidis. Their structural data through LC/MS, GC/MS and NMR analysis revealed that MEL-A with two acetyls was the major compound and the identified homologs of MEL-A contained a length of C8 to C14 fatty acid chains. This glycolipid exhibited a surface tension of 27.69 mN/m at a critical micelle concentration (CMC), self-assembling into particles in the water solution. It was observed to induce cell growth-inhibition and apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, as well as cause cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Further quantitative RT-PCR analysis and western blotting revealed an increasing tendency of both mRNA and protein expressions of Caspase-12, CHOP, GRP78 and Caspase-3, and a down-regulation of protein Bcl-2. Combined with the up regulation of signaling IRE1 and ATF6, it can be speculated that MEL-A-induced B16 melanoma cell apoptosis was associated with the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS).
Highlights
Biosurfactants are mainly produced by a variety of microorganisms
The first eluent with Rf value of 0.68 which was shown as Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs)-A was detected by means of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)
MEL-A was reported to be the major product from soybean oil by P.aphidis DSM70725
Summary
Biosurfactants are mainly produced by a variety of microorganisms These extracellular amphiphilic compounds exhibited advantages over the synthetic ones, including biodegradability, low toxicity, excellent surface-activity and stability [1, 2]. Their applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical and environmental industries have been proved in the previous studies. Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) belong to the glycolipid biosurfactants. They contain polar moiety of 4-O-β-D-mannopyranosyl-D-erythritol and the non-polar hydrophobic fatty acid chains [3].
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