Abstract
The state-of-the-art laparoscope lacks the ability to capture high-magnification and wide-angle images simultaneously, which introduces challenges when both close- up views for details and wide-angle overviews for orientation are required in clinical practice. A multi-resolution foveated laparoscope (MRFL) which can provide the surgeon both high-magnification close-up and wide-angle images was proposed to address the limitations of the state-of-art surgical laparoscopes. In this paper, we present the overall system design from both clinical and optical system perspectives along with a set of experiments to characterize the optical performances of our prototype system and describe our preliminary in-vivo evaluation of the prototype with a pig model. The experimental results demonstrate that at the optimum working distance of 120mm, the high-magnification probe has a resolution of 6.35lp/mm and image a surgical area of 53 × 40mm2; the wide-angle probe provides a surgical area coverage of 160 × 120mm2 with a resolution of 2.83lp/mm. The in-vivo evaluation demonstrates that MRFL has great potential in clinical applications for improving the safety and efficiency of the laparoscopic surgery.
Highlights
Laparoscopy has been established as the most successful means of providing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) due to a number of well-recognized advantages compared to the conventional open surgery, such as reduced pain, shorter recovery time and low infection rate [1]
The state-of-the-art laparoscopic technology suffers from several significant limitations, one of which is a tradeoff of limited instantaneous field of view (FOV) for high spatial resolution versus wide FOV for situational awareness but with diminished resolution [2]
This paper presented the overall system design of a multi-resolution foveated laparoscope (MRFL) prototype, described the optical performance of the prototype obtained through a set of characterization experiments, and validated the clinical use of the prototype through a preliminary evaluation with a live porcine model
Summary
Laparoscopy has been established as the most successful means of providing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) due to a number of well-recognized advantages compared to the conventional open surgery, such as reduced pain, shorter recovery time and low infection rate [1]. Several other serious complications of the laparoscopic surgery may occur partially due to the loss of situational awareness, including bile duct injury, bile leaks, bleeding and bowel injury These injuries often remain unrecognized if they occur on the part of the surgical instrument which is not within the keyhole field of view (FOV) of the laparoscope [4]. The practice of frequently maneuvering the laparoscope by a trained assistant can lead to poor or awkward ergonomic scenarios; for example, having to work with hands in a crossover position between the surgeon and the assistant holding the camera [5] This type of ergonomic conflicts imposes inherent technical challenges to laparoscopic procedures, and it is further aggravated with the introduction of single port access (SPA) techniques to laparoscopic surgery. The first set of experiments aims to characterize the optical performances of our prototype system (Section 3) and the second set of experiments aims to validate the clinical use of the instrument through our preliminary in-vivo evaluation of the prototype with a live porcine model (Section 4)
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