Characterization and In-vitro Study of Polyethylene Glycol as Coating Material used as Drug Carriers on Coronary Stent for Treatment of Cardiac Diseases

Abstract

Background: The way coronary artery disease is treated has changed dramatically with the use of coronary angioplasty and stenting. Nowadays, acute coronary syndromes brought on by coronary artery disease are frequently treated using drug-eluting stents. A review of the literature reveals that the polymer coating’s thickness affects the stent’s safety; moreover, current computational studies suggest that larger coatings increase the risk of stent deformity. Polyethylene glycol is the preferred polymer coating material for coronary artery stents.Objectives: Characterization of polyethylene glycol as a medication carrier coating for coronary stents used in cardiac disease therapyMethods: Using UV-visible spectrophotometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and surface morphology, polyethylene glycol was characterized.Results: The calibration curves’ linear regression results, as revealed by the UV-visible spectrophotometer investigation, showed a significant linear association between the concentration range of 10 to 60 μg/mL for polyethylene glycol Y = 0.0354X + 0.0212 (r2 = 0.999), was found. Polyethylene glycol’s molecular miscibility, recrystallization, and phase separation were investigated using a DSC analysis. It was found that the material was physically stable because no recrystallization peaks were visible. According to the results of the thermogravimetric study, a ceramic sample cup with 4 to 6 mg of sample was heated to 400°C at a rate of 5°C every minute. Nitrogen gas was continuously supplied at a rate of 20 mL/min into the sample chamber during the analysis. The results of each batch were measured, and an average was determined. The study of surface coatings to examine the microstructure of the coatings produced both before and after the use of polymers is known as surface morphology. Within analytical imaging is the subset of surface morphology. Pure polyethylene glycol’s morphology showed broad plate-shaped structures. Additionally, a strong band is detected between 1362 and 1287 cm-1, which is comparable to the C-O stretching vibration seen in primary alcohol.Conclusion: On base of the characterization results above shows that polymers were stable and included functional groups and structures throughout a range of conditions. It is possible to use polyethylene glycol as a coating material for coronary stents.