Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate the potential use of liposome and transfersome vesicles in the transdermal drug delivery of meloxicam (MX). MX-loaded vesicles were prepared and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (%EE), loading efficiency, stability, and in vitro skin permeation. The vesicles were spherical in structure, 90 to 140 nm in size, and negatively charged (−23 to −43 mV). The %EE of MX in the vesicles ranged from 40 to 70%. Transfersomes provided a significantly higher skin permeation of MX compared to liposomes. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the application of transfersomes significantly disrupted the stratum corneum lipid. Our research suggests that MX-loaded transfersomes can be potentially used as a transdermal drug delivery system.
Highlights
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDs) offer a number of potential advantages over conventional methods such as injectable and oral delivery [1]
The major limitation of TDDs is the permeability of the skin; it is permeable to small molecules and lipophilic drugs and highly impermeable to macromolecules and hydrophilic drugs
The similar predominance to the lipid bilayer of biological membranes [36] and the nanometer size range of the vesicles may be influenced [7, 26, 30]. These results indicated that the vesicle system can overcome the barrier function of the stratum corneum by various mechanisms and their physicochemical properties
Summary
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDs) offer a number of potential advantages over conventional methods such as injectable and oral delivery [1]. The major limitation of TDDs is the permeability of the skin; it is permeable to small molecules and lipophilic drugs and highly impermeable to macromolecules and hydrophilic drugs. Various LPs have been extensively investigated for improving skin permeation enhancement. Liposomes are promising carriers for enhancing skin permeation because they have high membrane fluidity. Previous reports indicate that liposomes can deliver a large quantity of hydrophilic drugs (e.g., sodium fluorescein [13], carboxyfluorescein [14]), lipophilic drugs (e.g., retinoic acid [11], tretinoin [12]), proteins, and macromolecules through the skin. Many factors influence the percutaneous penetration behavior of LPs, including particle size, surface charge, lipid composition, bilayer elasticity, lamellarity, and type of LP [7, 12]
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