Abstract
Background: Global prevalence of scabies urge to develop phytochemicals based novel herbal dosage forms that can assist in treatment of scabies. Objective: Anti scabietic investigation of phytosomes assimilating acetone fraction of hydroalcoholic extract of Pistacia integerrima galls against Sarcoptes scabiei. Method: Flavonoids were screened in acetone fraction of galls extract and HPTLC profile of acetone fraction was studied to identify phenolics, using toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol: formic acid (60:30:07:03) as solvent system. Phytosomes were prepared with solvent evaporation method and characterized by SEM, TEM, particle size analysis, entrapment efficiency, partition coefficient, IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Scabicidal effect of phytosomes and acetone fraction were evaluated by mite repellent and contact bioassay. Result: Quercetin (Rf value = 0.43) and naringenin (Rf value = 0.61) were screened with HPTLC in the acetone fraction. Oval shape, particle size (1161 nm), zeta potential (26.10) and polydispersity index (0.175) of F3 phytosomes were observed during characterization of complex. Entrapment efficiency (78.04±1.75%) and partition coefficient (0.85±0.60) of F3 phytosomes was higher as compared to F1 and F2 phytosomes. Chemical interaction between phospholipids and phenolics was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and DSC. Significant mite repellent percentage with 1000 mg (93.33±0.57%) and 750 mg (86.66±0.57%) of F3 complex was observed after 4 h. Additionally F3 complex (4g and 3g) possess significant mean mortality rate after 4 h in comparison to acetone fraction. On probit analysis, median lethal concentration (LC50) of F3 phytosome complex was observed to be 3.354, 2.455, 1.475 and 0.420 g/mL after 1, 2, 3 and 4 h, respectively. Conclusion: Phytosomes assimilating acetone fraction of galls extracts can facilitate enhancement in scabicidal effect in contrast to acetone fraction of galls extract.
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