Characterization and Implementation of in-to-out Body Wireless Sensor Data Transmission for Smaller Ruminants

Abstract

first_page settings Order Article Reprints Font Type: Arial Georgia Verdana Font Size: Aa Aa Aa Line Spacing:    Column Width:    Background: Open AccessAbstract Characterization and Implementation of in-to-out Body Wireless Sensor Data Transmission for Smaller Ruminants † by Lu Wang 1,*, Günter Vermeeren 2, Marta Prim 1, Wout Joseph 2 and Carles Ferrer 1 1 Department of Microelectronics and Electronic Systems, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain 2 Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University/IMEC, 9052 Ghent, Belgium * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. † Presented at the 5th International Symposium on Sensor Science (I3S 2017), Barcelona, Spain, 27–29 September 2017. Proceedings 2017, 1(8), 847; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings1080847 Published: 6 December 2017 (This article belongs to the Proceedings of Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Sensor Science (I3S 2017)) Download Download PDF Download PDF with Cover Download XML Versions Notes Among bioclimatic indicators for ruminants, the rumen stability is crucial to determine the animal’s health status. A modern solution to monitor the rumen condition consists of an implant sensing bolus that collects and transmits bioclimatic ruminal data, such as temperature and pH value, and a wearable on-body receiver which also communicates with a remote control platform. Such a solution is being adopted in cattle management as the bovine animal size does not impose strict requirements on the dimensions and weight of the bolus. However, for smaller ruminants such as sheep and goats, research on autonomous health monitoring and ruminal sensing bolus development is lagging behind. In this work, we characterized numerically the in-to-out body wireless data transmission in smaller ruminants using the 3D electromagnetic finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solver available in sim4life (ZMT, Zurich, Switzerland). First, we dimensioned a spiral antenna operating at 433 MHz for integration in a ruminal bolus whose volume is 70% less than that of a bovine bolus while taking into account the frequency detuning due to the proximity of the printed circuit board (PCB) and animal tissues. Next, we investigated the in-to-out body path loss in a homogeneous animal model and verified it with a bioequivalent phantom. The in-to-out body path loss analysis can be used to predict in vivo propagation with living adult sheep or goats. © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Share and Cite MDPI and ACS Style Wang, L.; Vermeeren, G.; Prim, M.; Joseph, W.; Ferrer, C. Characterization and Implementation of in-to-out Body Wireless Sensor Data Transmission for Smaller Ruminants. Proceedings 2017, 1, 847. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings1080847 AMA Style Wang L, Vermeeren G, Prim M, Joseph W, Ferrer C. Characterization and Implementation of in-to-out Body Wireless Sensor Data Transmission for Smaller Ruminants. Proceedings. 2017; 1(8):847. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings1080847 Chicago/Turabian Style Wang, Lu, Günter Vermeeren, Marta Prim, Wout Joseph, and Carles Ferrer. 2017. "Characterization and Implementation of in-to-out Body Wireless Sensor Data Transmission for Smaller Ruminants" Proceedings 1, no. 8: 847. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings1080847 Find Other Styles Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here. Article Metrics No No Article Access Statistics Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view.