Abstract
There is currently a growing need to hydroprocess heavier and tougher crude oils with increased nitrogen content. Therefore, hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) has become a critical hydroprocessing reaction, making it essential to gain insight into which nitrogen-containing compounds are the most difficult to treat. In the present article, we describe the identification of nitrogen compounds in severely pretreated feed for hydrocracking (HC). The nitrogen compounds in the N-slip to the hydrocracker are isolated and concentrated on solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns and identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (GC-AED), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support the structural identification and are further used to investigate the reactivity. We find that the most refractory organic nitrogen compounds in the N-slip belong to the family of 4,8,9,10-tetrahydrocyclohepta[def]carbazoles. ...
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