Characterization and geochronology of Archean metasedimentary sequences in the eastern portion of Rio das Velhas greenstone belt, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil

Abstract

The Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF) is an important, polydeformed mineral province, located in the southernmost portion of São Francisco Craton. The Rio das Velhas greenstone belt (RVGB) is an Archean meta-volcano-sedimentary succession from the QF, the Córrego do Sítio unit (CdS) being its most widely distributed sedimentary sequence. Detailed sedimentology study allied to x-ray diffraction-XRD and geochronological (LA-ICP-MS in detrital zircon) analyses provide evidence for a new interpretation of the CdS. The identified sedimentary structures of the CdS (e.g. flaser and lenticular bedding, sharp and erosional base, normal grading, mud drapes, quartz granules, syndepositional deformation, and ball & pillow) led the interpretation of these couplets as turbidity currents deposits corresponding to TA and TE facies of the classic Bouma Sequence. The CdS sequence was deposited on distal portions of an ancient submarine fan environment by turbidity current mechanisms, then it was partially reworked by tidal bottom currents. Geochronological data pointed out the main influence of the Rio das Velhas II magmatic event in the deposition of the eastern QF metasedimentary sequence, as evidenced by the maximum depositional age at 2818 ± 31 Ma. The surrounding metamorphic complexes terrains may have acted as source areas during the deposition of the sedimentary sequences, probably in a convergent to a collisional marginal tectonic setting (subduction stage).