Abstract
The presence of nicotine and nicotinic acid (NA) in the marine environment has caused great harm to human health and the natural environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to use efficient and economical methods to remove such pollutants from the environment. In this study, a nicotine and NA-degrading bacterium—strain JQ581—was isolated from sediment from the East China Sea and identified as a member of Pseudomonas putida based on morphology, physio-biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA gene analysis. The relationship between growth and nicotine/NA degradation suggested that strain JQ581 was a good candidate for applications in the bioaugmentation treatment of nicotine/NA contamination. The degradation intermediates of nicotine are pseudooxynicotine (PN) and 3-succinoyl-pyridine (SP) based on UV, high performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. However, 6-hydroxy-3-succinoyl-pyridine (HSP) was not detected. NA degradation intermediates were identified as 6-hydroxynicotinic acid (6HNA). The whole genome of strain JQ581 was sequenced and analyzed. Genome sequence analysis revealed that strain JQ581 contained the gene clusters for nicotine and NA degradation. This is the first report where a marine-derived Pseudomonas strain had the ability to degrade nicotine and NA simultaneously.
Highlights
With the continuous development of the tobacco industry, pyridine alkaloids are widely distributed in the environment [1,2,3]
A new Pseudomonas putida strain JQ581 was isolated from sediment from the East
When strain JQ581 was cultured with nicotinic acid (NA), the media remained colorless throughout the degradation progress
Summary
With the continuous development of the tobacco industry, pyridine alkaloids are widely distributed in the environment [1,2,3]. Various methods are available to detoxify the toxic and hazardous substances in the polluted environment [5]; both physical and chemical methods are too expensive and ineffective in waste disposal management. Biological methods are efficient as well as cost effective, and play an important role in the clean-up of toxic and hazardous waste in a contaminated. Mar. Drugs 2017, 15, 156; doi:10.3390/md15060156 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs. Mar. Drugs 2017, 15, 156 environment [5]. NA is a pyridine derivative which is necessary for all living organisms [8,9]. It is involved in organic redox, promoting canamine be used to treat dermatitis andand neurological disorders; environmentmetabolism,
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