Abstract
Household cooking is a major energy intensive activity in most of the Ethiopian households. Replacing the existing inefficient cooking stoves and the polluting energy source with a renewable source of energy plays a paramount role in conserving the environment and reducing the indoor pollution. In this study an energy storage phase change material is proposed to store solar thermal energy for a potential household cooking application. The selected phase change material has a melting point range which is well fitted to the operating range of temperatures for most of the household cooking activities. The solar energy source is simulated with electrical heating for experimental investigation of the thermal characteristics. Also it is intended to study the thermal characteristics of the mixture using deferential scanning calorimeter to identify at which mass ratio the mixture shows better thermal characteristics. From the laboratory analysis it is found that the 60% NaNO3 and 40% KNO3 by mass have shown promising thermal characteristics. For applying the selected salt mixture for cooking application, an experiment was conducted on two Ethiopian local meals, shiro wet and potato meal, to know how much energy is required to cook them and what amount of the PCM is required to store the required energy. The result reveals that 2.38 kWh energy is required for cooking the two meals for five family members for lunch and dinner. To store the energy required 4 kg of the PCM was required. Experiments were conducted to see the charging and discharging time of 60% NaNO3 and 40% KNO3 by mass. From the experimental result for 1.4 kg of the PCM, charging time of 50 minutes up to 300°C and a discharging time of 4.5 hours (from 300°C to 100°C) are required.
Highlights
Energy storage systems have an enormous potential to increase the effectiveness of energy conversion equipment use
In order to know the solar thermal energy requirement experiment was conducted on two local meals, shiro wet and potato wet, and experiment was conducted at laboratory level to determine the charging and discharging time of the phase change material
The results discussed are the characterization of the phase change materials (PCM), which are the melting point, latent heat of fusion, specific heat capacity and the density, the thermal energy requirement for potential cooking application, and modeling of the heat transfer characteristics during charging
Summary
Energy storage systems have an enormous potential to increase the effectiveness of energy conversion equipment use. In order to know the solar thermal energy requirement experiment was conducted on two local meals, shiro wet and potato wet, and experiment was conducted at laboratory level to determine the charging and discharging time of the phase change material. As it is known worldwide energy demand and supply mismatch are greater problem, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia, which have solar thermal energy for about 13 months. To fulfill the mismatch between demand supplies in such countries they are using wood energy for cooking and baking, which has an adverse effect on health of the society especially Women
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