Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the physicochemical properties and DPPH radical scavenging activity of gallic acid–lecithin complexMethods: The complex of gallic acid with lecithin was prepared by solvent method. The physicochemical properties of the complex were investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV), infrared spectrometry (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)and x-ray diffractometry (XRD). Antioxidant activity was examined b 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay.Results: The UV and IR spectra of the complex showed an additive effect of gallic acid and lecithin, in which the characteristic absorption peaks of gallic acid and lecithin were retained. SEM suggests that gallic acid was dispersed into lecithin while DSC and XRD results for the complex mainly showed the presence of lecithin with the characteristic peaks for gallic acid absent. At all concentrations of the complex (0.2 - 1.0 mg/mL), the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the complex was higher than that of the reference antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).Conclusion: Gallic acid and lecithin in the complex are combined by a non-covalent bond, and did not form a new compound. The complex is an effective scavenger of DPPH radicals.Keywords: Gallic acid, Lecithin, Complex, Antioxidant
Highlights
INTRODUCTION3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoic acid can be found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, etc
Gallic acid, 3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoic acid can be found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, etc
In ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV) and infrared spectrometry (IR) analysis, no new peaks were observed in the mixture and complex, which suggests that gallic acid and lecithin in the complex were combined by noncovalent bond, and some weak physical interactions between gallic acid and lecithin can take place during the formation of the complex
Summary
3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoic acid can be found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, etc. Due to its poor lipophilic property, the application of gallic acid in functional food and medicine is restricted. It is expected that gallic acid combined with lecithin might result in the improvement of lipophilic property of gallic acid. The complex of gallic acid and lecithin was prepared, and the physicochemical properties and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the complex were investigated. Gallic acid was obtained from Aladdin (Shanghai, China) while 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was purchased from Sigma Chemicals Co (USA). Gallic acid (500 mg) and lecithin (1000 mg) were dissolved in 60 mL of tetrahydrofuran and stirred for 4 h. The resultant yellow power was taken as gallic acid-lecithin complex. 2 mL of DPPH solution (0.2 mmol/L, in ethanol) was incubated with different concentrations of the sample. The micrographs were obtained at an accelerating potential of 15 kV under low vacuum
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