Abstract
Quinoa seed proteins are of prime importance in human nutrition and in plant breeding for cultivar identification and improvement. In this study, proteins from seeds of black, red, white quinoa from Peru and white quinoa from Bolivia (also known as royal) were extracted, digested and analyzed by nano-liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The raw mass spectra data were processed for identification and label-free quantification (LFQ) using MaxQuant/Andromeda against a specific quinoa database from The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). In total, 1,211 quinoa proteins (85 were uncharacterized) were identified. Inspection and visualization using Venn diagrams, heat maps and Gene Ontology (GO) graphs revealed proteome similarities and differences between the four varieties. The presented data provides the most comprehensive experimental quinoa seed proteome map existing to date in the literature, as a starting point for more specific characterization and nutritional studies of quinoa and quinoa-containing foodstuff.
Highlights
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an Andean non-model her baceous flowering plant that belongs to the Chenopodiaceae family (Caryophillales order)
Since there were no significant differences in the number of protein bands observed for the three extraction protocols and considering that the alkaline extraction followed by isoelectric precipitation was supposed to provide the most purified protein extracts, this extraction procedure was applied before performing shotgun proteomics
We presented a label-free LC-MS/MS shotgun proteomics approach with a state-of-the-art Orbitrap mass spectrometer for the character ization and differentiation of the most typically commercialized quinoa seed varieties (B, R, W and royal white (RO) quinoa)
Summary
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an Andean non-model her baceous flowering plant that belongs to the Chenopodiaceae family (Caryophillales order). The publication of the quinoa genome in 2017 (Jarvis et al, 2017; Zou et al, 2017) provided an important breakthrough for the experimental characterization of the quinoa seed proteome Taking advantage of this novel information, in 2019, Burrieza et al (Burrieza et al, 2019) identified a total of 337 quinoa proteins, including novel lysine-rich seed storage globulins. At the time of writing this article, for the particular case of quinoa, the Uniprot database (unreviewed section) contains 232 Chenopodium quinoa protein entries, whereas the RefSeq NCBI database contains a total number of 63,370 This fact suggests the need for large-scale proteomics studies to experimentally confirm and review the data provided for quinoa by the different databases. The proposed methodology provides the most comprehensive experimental quinoa seed proteome map existing to date in the literature, as a tool for more specific characterization and nutri tional studies
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