Characterization and Cytotoxic Activity of <i>Dalbergia latifolia</i> Wood Extract

Abstract

<i>Dalbergia latifolia</i> commonly known as the Indian rosewood, commonly found in association with Teak trees population in and around Western Ghat areas of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India. From the heartwood of roots and trunk many phytochemical contents were investigated. A wide spectrum of flavanoids namely, flavones, isoflavones, neoflavones and chalcones have been obtained. Specifically, one of the flavonoids compound chalcone compound-Isoliquiritigenin (ILTG, 2',4',4'-trihydroxychalcone) shows various pharmacological properties, including cytotoxic activities. This study revealed the cytotoxic effect of Isoliquiritigenin, efficiently controls the invasive capacity of breast cancer cells MCF10A human mammary epithelial cell line <i>through</i> uplifting G1-phase cell cycle, even arrest at low concentration, also accelerate the extracellular signal regulated kinase signaling pathway to topup the proteins combined with apoptosis and arrest cancer. The cytotoxicity <i>invitro</i> of isoliquitrigenin against MCF10A ATCC cells was investigated by MTT assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by microscopy and flow cytometry. Isoliquiritigenin exhibited the most potent anticancer activity against MCF 10A ATCC with an IC 50 of 10.00 µg/ml. The methanolic extract expressed cytotoxic effect with an IC50 value of 20 µg/ml. The compounds were also tested for their toxicity on normal human cell lines-LO2 and were found to be nontoxic. Administering the wood extract approaches may help reduce side effects in patients under conventional chemotherapy. These potential molecule may exerts their co-active effects through various pathways and helpful for the development of novel drugs; also conservation of these important germplasm is mandatory.