Abstract
Abstract Scarcity of fresh water in Bahrain necessitates the use of alternative sources of water. One of the potential sources which can be utilized efficiently is domestic wastewater. Chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of raw wastewater and secondary and tertiary effluents from the Tubli sewage treatment plant in Bahrain were analyzed for a period of two years. The data show that the tertiary effluent can be utilized for various purposes such as agriculture, groundwater recharge, and industrial and landscape needs. For agricultural purposes, this water can be used for only salt‐tolerant crops due to its high salinity. Recharge of effluent to groundwater would have several benefits including improving the quality of the effluent and the quality and quantity of groundwater. Moreover, it is evident from our bacteriological assessment of the tertiary effluent that this effluent is practically free from fecal coliforms. Consideration should be given to possible future utilization of the tertiary effluent as a source of raw water for desalinization plants in Bahrain.
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