Abstract
Objective: The main purpose of this study is to characterize Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. mucilage (MHR) powder as superdisintegrant and to decide the optimum concentration of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.
 Methods: Characterization was conducted in many tests such as organoleptic, swelling ratio, solubility, polysaccharide, viscosity, particle size distribution, flowability and compressibility index. Next, MHR powder was included in fast disintegrating tablet (FDT) domperidone formulation in several concentrations and compared with FDT domperidone formulation that using sodium starch glycolate as superdisintegrant.
 Results: The result of characterization of MHR powder were brownish powder, specific smell like traditional medicines, swelling ratio of 24, solubility of 0.426±0.034 mg/ml, positive polysaccharide, the viscosity of 491.33±119.44 cps (2% w/v), 4520.00±1224.42 cps (4% w/v), Dv(10) of 26.2 µm, Dv(50) of 157 µm, Dv(90) of 260 µm, Dv(100) of 380 µm, flowless, and average compressibility index of 26.75±1.79%. The optimum MHR powder concentration was 1% because the average disintegration time was 39.67±4.73 seconds and the average wetting time was 66.33±14.29 seconds. Those times were faster than domperidone FDT that used this superdisintegrant in other concentrations or sodium starch glycolate in the same concentration.
 Conclusion: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. mucilage powder can be used as superdisintegrant in FDT formulation with an optimum concentration of 1%.
Highlights
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. is a well-known plant in Indonesia that grows widely in other countries to such as India, Thailand, and China
Fast disintegrating tablet (FDT) is an advanced pharmaceutical dosage form which is different from conventional tablet because disintegration time in FDT should be conducted under 1 minute [3]
The objective of this study is to propose a method to optimize the yield of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. mucilage powder, characterize Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. mucilage powder, obtain its optimum concentration for FDT domperidone formulation as superdisintegrant and compare it with sodium starch glycolate
Summary
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. is a well-known plant in Indonesia that grows widely in other countries to such as India, Thailand, and China. The leaves of this plant contain many essential substances such as carotene, mucilages, and many trace elements such as alkaloids and terpenes. Mucilages are widely used in pharmaceutical industries as thickener agent, suspending agent and binder. Mucilages of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.’s consist of L-rhamnose, D-galactose, D-galacturonic acid and Dglucoronic acid [1]. In a previous study by Ameena, et al (2010), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. mucilage powder as tablet binder Shah and Patel used it as tablet disintegrant [1, 2]. The objective of this study is to propose a method to optimize the yield of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. mucilage powder, characterize Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. mucilage powder, obtain its optimum concentration for FDT domperidone formulation as superdisintegrant and compare it with sodium starch glycolate
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