Characterization and Chemical Composition of the Volatile Oils from Aerial Parts of Eryngium bungei Bioss. (Apiaceae) by Using Traditional Hydrodistillation, Microwave Assisted Hydrodistillation and Head Space Solid Phase Microextraction Methods Prior to GC and GC/MS Analyses: A Comparative Approach

Abstract

The essential oils isolated from aerial parts of Eryngium bungei Bioss. by hydrodistillation (HD), microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MWHD) and head space solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) techniques, were analyzed by means of GC and GC-MS methods. The main components of the water distilled oil were found to be borneol (44.4 %), isobornyl formate (14.7 %), isoborneol (9.2% ), 1,8-cineol (9.1 %) and camphor (7.9 %), while the oil extracted by MWHD method was mainly composed of yomogi alcohol (14.3 %), terpinolene (14.2 %), cumin alcohol (13.6 %), borneol (12.4 %), Z-β-ocimene (10.6 %) and sabinene (6.2 %). Furthermore, in the oil obtained by HS-SPME, the most abundant detected fractions were borneol (22.1 %), camphor (11.1 %), terpinolene (8.1 %), carvacrol (7.5 %) and yomogi alcohol (5.2 %). Despite of some differences present in the oils compositions, all of them were rich in oxygenated monoterpenes. The results confirm the high potential of MWHD, HS-SPME as advanced, environment compatible and promising instrumentations for reliable and fast analysis of the E. bungei volatile oil.