Abstract
Chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) were encapsulated by the film-ultrasonic method into three nano-liposomes, which were uncoated liposomes (COSs-Lip), chitosan-coated liposomes (CH-COSs-Lip), and sodium alginate (SA)/chitosan (CH)-coated liposomes (SA/CH-COSs-Lip). The physicochemical and structural properties, as well as the stability and digestive characteristics, of all three nano-liposomes were assessed in the current study. Thereafter, the characteristics of intestinal absorption and transport of nano-liposomes were investigated by the Caco-2 cell monolayer. All nano-liposomes showed a smaller-sized distribution with a higher encapsulation efficiency. The ζ-potential, Z-average diameter (Dz), and polydispersity index (PDI) demonstrated that the stability of the SA/CH-COSs-Lip had much better stability than COSs-Lip and CH-COSs-Lip. In addition, the transport of the nano-liposomes via the Caco-2 cell monolayer indicated a higher transmembrane transport capacity. In summary, the chitosan and sodium alginate could serve as potential delivery systems for COSs to fortify functional foods and medicines.
Highlights
Chito-oligosaccharide (COS) is a kind of water-soluble cationic amino polysaccharide.Being made of glucosamine, COSs are linked by β-1,4-glycosidic linkages and obtained from the degradation of shrimp and crab shells
Liu et al [28] implied that the encapsulation efficiency of liposomes was greatly increased after being multilayer coated by chitosan and sodium alginate, which was similar to the result of this study
Based on this finding, when the concentration was lower than 200 μg/mL, the survival rate of Caco-2 cells was greater than 90% after incubation with nano-liposomes for 24 h, with no evident cytotoxicity
Summary
Chito-oligosaccharide (COS) is a kind of water-soluble cationic amino polysaccharide.Being made of glucosamine, COSs are linked by β-1,4-glycosidic linkages and obtained from the degradation of shrimp and crab shells. Many studies have proved that COSs exhibit an enormously wide range of biological activities, including antitumor, anti-bacteria, anti-fungus, antioxidant, antiinflammation, immunomodulation, and so forth [8,9,10]. They have a remarkable potential to be applied in pharmacological and biomedical fields. Compared with chitosan and chitin, COSs are equipped with reactive functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups at C3 and C6, while the amino and N-glucosamine units are linked by glycosides [11,12]
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