Abstract
In this study, we assessed the therapeutic potential of propolis from Poland and performed chemical analysis by GC–MS, as well as determined its botanical origin. Chemical constituents typical for bud exudates of Populus nigra (section Aigeiros) were determined, however, glycerol esters of phenolic acids, as well as unusually high amounts of p-coumaric and ferulic acid and their benzyl esters, were also detected. These constituents are characteristic for buds of Populus tremula (section Leuce). We also evaluated the antiproliferative effect of propolis extracts against nine human cancer cell lines. Additionally, promising antibacterial activity of the dichloromethane extract (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration MIC values of 0.95–1.24 mg/mL), as well as a moderate antifungal activity (MIC values of 1.25–1.40 mg/mL), was noticed. Propolis from Poland appeared as a rich source of antibacterial and antiproliferative compounds and this confirmed that it is a valuable natural product with the potential to improve human health.
Highlights
Propolis, a natural resinous substance collected by honey bees from buds and exudates of plants, is thought to be used in the beehive as a protective barrier against the bees’ enemies
The chemical composition of the studied propolis sample collected in Poland was investigated by GC–MS after silylation
The intensity of the antiproliferative effect of propolis differed among the different cell lines, the importance of such an effect remains because it underlines a wide-range action for propolis
Summary
A natural resinous substance collected by honey bees from buds and exudates of plants, is thought to be used in the beehive as a protective barrier against the bees’ enemies. It has been used in folk medicine for centuries, for the treatment of wounds, burns and stomach ulcers, and for other therapeutic applications. Bud exudates of Populus species belonging to the section Aigeiros are the main propolis plant sources [5].
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