Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) are the hydrated gelatinous matrix produced by microorganisms for attachment in a biofilm environment. In this study, the compositional variation between EPSs of three marine biofilm bacteria (Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis, Vibrio harveyi and Planomicrobium sp.) were analysed by GC-MS, 1H NMR, FT-IR and XRD and SEM. The ecological significance of exopolymers was assessed in vivo using marine model organism barnacle larvae for their settlement-inducing activity. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of glycan fucosylated oligosaccharides, tetraose, trisaccharides, iso-B-Pentasaccharides, sialyllactose, oligomannose, galacto-N-biose, difucosyl-para-lacto-N-neohexaose, 3′-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine and isoglobotriaose-β-N(Acetyl)-Propargyl in all extracted EPSs. Bioassay results indicated that treatment of the barnacle larvae with EPSs from three bacterial strains enhanced settlement on substrates. In conclusion, this study highlighted the role of water-soluble EPSs in the invertebrate larval settlement on artificial materials.
Highlights
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) are the hydrated gelatinous matrix produced by microorganisms for attachment in a biofilm environment
The following questions were addressed in this study: (1) do the exopolymers induce settlement and metamorphosis of A. amphitrite larvae? and (2) is the chemical composition similar in all the three exopolymers isolated from P. shioyasakiensis, V. harveyi and Planomicrobium sp.? Results obtained in this study will further advance our knowledge of the role of marine biofilms in larval settlement
Exopolymers obtained from P. shioyasakiensis, V. harveyi and Planomicrobium sp. showed no toxicity towards barnacle nauplii after 24 and 48 h
Summary
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) are the hydrated gelatinous matrix produced by microorganisms for attachment in a biofilm environment. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) or exopolymers are the gelatinous matrix produced by microorganisms for their linkage or attachment in a biofilm environment[12]. Extracellular polymers derived from the marine biofilm bacteria Roseobacter litoralis have no settlement-inducing effect on H. elegans[25]. The exopolymers of biofilms, Source of Variation Time Concentration Interaction Within Total diatom species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced settlement and metamorphosis in Amphibalanus amphitrite larvae[26,27]. An attempt was made to assess the settlement-inducing activity of EPSs produced by marine biofilm-forming bacteria isolated from artificial materials submerged in the central Red Sea. Exopolymers isolated from biofilm bacterial strains were tested against the larvae of barnacle A. amphitrite. The following questions were addressed in this study: (1) do the exopolymers induce settlement and metamorphosis of A. amphitrite larvae? and (2) is the chemical composition similar in all the three exopolymers isolated from P. shioyasakiensis, V. harveyi and Planomicrobium sp.? Results obtained in this study will further advance our knowledge of the role of marine biofilms in larval settlement
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