Characterization and analysis of the antidiabetic activities of sulphated polysaccharide extract from Caulerpa lentillifera

Sofa Fajriah,Ilmi Fadhilah Rizki,Ellya Sinurat

doi:10.3897/pharmacia.68.e73158

Abstract

Caulerpa lentillifera is a type of green seaweed that is cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas. The objectives of this study were to determine the characteristics of the sulfated polysaccharides from C. lentillifera and evaluate its antidiabetic activity. In the initial process of this study, samples were macerated with ethanol (1:10). Then, the maceration residue was extracted with an accumulator at 75 °C for three hours. The crude extract yield was 4.16% based on weight seaweed. Ion chromatography purification with DEAE-Sepharose resin provided a yield of 14.8% of crude extract. The monomer analysis of C. lentillifera from the crude extract and purified extract revealed that galactose monomers were dominant and glucose was a minor component. The total carbohydrate and sulfate contents of purified C. lentillifera were higher than those of crude C. lentillifera. Bioactivity tests revealed that purified polysaccharides had higher antidiabetic activity against α-glucosidase enzyme than crude ones with IC50 values of 134.81± 2.0 µg/mL. Purified sulfated polysaccharides of C. lentillifera could potentially be used as an antidiabetic medication.

Highlights

Chronic hyperglycemia due to diabetes mellitus can lead to defects in insulin levels (Sharma and Rhyu 2014; Radhika and Priya 2016)
This study aims to characterize the sulfated polysaccharides of C. lentillifera and evaluate their antidiabetic activity
The IC50 values of the crude and purified extracts were 253.49 ± 3.0 and 134.81 ± 2.0 μg/mL, respectively. These results showed that the purified extract had a more significant potential to inhibit 50% of α-glucosidase activity than the crude extract of C. lentillifera

Summary

Introduction

Chronic hyperglycemia due to diabetes mellitus can lead to defects in insulin levels (Sharma and Rhyu 2014; Radhika and Priya 2016). Wu et al (2020) state that diabetes can significantly increase the risk of severity and fatality with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cases of diabetes continue to increase annually (Sharma and Rhyu 2014). Seaweed has a varied chemical content and high bioactivity (Sanger et al 2019; Sharma et al 2019;Purwaningsih et al 2020). Caulerpa lentillifera is commonly known as sea grapes. This type of seaweed contains various sulfated polysaccharides and monosaccharides. Sulfated polysaccharides have numerous bioactivities, including antidiabetic, antiviral, antibiotic, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activities (Costa et al 2010; Imjongjairak et al 2015; Peng et al 2019)

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Results