Abstract
A survey on household solid waste generation and physical composition was conducted in Hanoi City, the capital of Vietnam. The study sampled 110 households in specific areas with different population density and household scale. Household solid waste was classified into 13 main categories and 25 sub-categories. The results showed that average generation rate of waste in Hanoi City is 0.63 kg per person per day with a slightly higher rate in rural areas than urban ones. The largest proportion was food and garden waste at 78.9% followed by plastic and paper. Plastic waste was segregated into plastic and nylon, and nylon was double that of plastics in household solid waste. Compared to previous studies, this study found a higher portion of organic matter in the waste characterization that could be attributed to the changes in lifestyle patterns associated with COVID-19. This situation provides challenges and opportunities for introducing biomass technology to recover energy.
Highlights
In order to improve municipal solid waste management, it is crucial to identify the quality and quantity of municipal solid waste, of which households and commercial are major sources
A field study was conducted in five zones in Hanoi City, which were selected based on population density, a category representative for urbanization level under National
Nguyen et al (2016) [21], through proximate analysis, determined the moisture content, volatile mater, ash content, and fixed carbon of MSW in Hanoi City and the results showed that the average of moisture content analysis was 52.2%, and the highest percentage of the moisture content (70.4%) was on food waste
Summary
In order to improve municipal solid waste management (hereinafter referred to as “MSW”), it is crucial to identify the quality and quantity of municipal solid waste, of which households and commercial are major sources. This source of data is well managed in developed countries, but in developing countries, it is not clear and the reported data are assumed from small survey groups or reporting mechanisms provided by the central government. Paper and cardboard accounted for 19.4% in total generated waste [2] This country focuses on the recycling rate so that in the annual report, waste type, generated and recycled amounts, recycling rate, and total disposed are the five main indexes
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