Abstract
Ultracapacitors are potentially promising power-augmentation devices in hybrid powertrains. A commercial ultracapacitor module was characterized under standard procedures to assess its performance. Tests were carried out on a platform, with which ambient temperature can be regulated and charge/discharge procedures can be implemented. Key parameters of the ultracapacitor module obtained from tests were used to develop a control-oriented ultracapacitor model proposed in the paper. Simulation results of this model in a stable discharge procedure and in dynamic procedures (i.e. driving cycles) showed excellent agreement with results obtained from experiments, indicating that the ultracapacitor model is accurate enough to be used in further electric powertrain control simulation.
Highlights
In order to meet future demands on low fuel consumptions and low exhaust emissions, hybrid powertrain system has played a more and more important role in recent years
hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) (Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization) test is implemented using test profile shown in figure 8
The pulse resistance of ultracapacitors is around 105 milliohm and increases a little with the decrease of SOC. These values should not be compared to equivalent series resistance (ESR) obtained in constant-current test, because the test conditions are different
Summary
In order to meet future demands on low fuel consumptions and low exhaust emissions, hybrid powertrain system has played a more and more important role in recent years. The determined efficiency and equivalent series resistance (ESR) are used for modeling the behavior of ultracapacitors over a range of continuous discharge/charge conditions. Another test is the constant-power discharge/charge test, which is implemented by executing a sequence of discharge/charge cycles, but at increasing powers. HPPC test determines dynamic power and energy capability over the capacitor’s voltage range using a test profile that incorporates both discharge and regen pulse. Relationship between SOC and the discharge/charge power capability, between usable energy and usable power can be established They are useful to evaluate ultracapacitors’ performance in hybrid application. Software BTS-600 is used to control the platform, operate test procedures and record continuous measured data
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