Abstract
Clay samples from Kwi, Barkin Ladi Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria was purified and characterized using XRF, FT-IR and XRD. Silver-modified clay was prepared in order to develop an antibacterial and adsorptive material. The modified and purified clays were tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriae, pseudomonas aureus and salmonella typha by microbiological test as well as adsorptive properties against Chromium (III), Nickel (II), and Lead(II) from leather ternary effluent. From the results the silica content (SiO 2 ) was found to be 56.12%, followed by alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) 23.90%, iron (III) oxide 2.31% among others. The X-Ray diffraction studies showed that the clay deposit consist predominantly of kaolinite with d-spacing of 7.14639Å and 3.57632Å respectively and traces of quartz with d-spacing of 3.34520Å as well as orthoclase. The FT-IR spectral analysis of the clay samples reveals wave number and absorption band at 3688.02 and 3618.58cm -1 which arise from the internal surface OH group indicative of kaolinite and also deformation band at 1003.02 and 910.43cm -1 . Results have shown a strong antimicrobial activity of the Ag modified clay, which considerably inhibited the growth of ordinary microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The Ag-clay reacted positively to organisms that had hitherto shown resistance to common antibiotic drugs. Also upto 64% of Cr ions and 94% of Ni ions were removed from ternary wastewater by Ag-modified and purified clays respectively. The results have confirmed the strong anti-bacterial activity of Silver ion. Keywords: Clay characterization, adsorption, anti-microbial Properties, ternary wastewater DOI: 10.7176/CMR/13-1-04 Publication date: January 31 st 2021
Highlights
Clay is a term used to describe either the size of the individual particles present in a deposit or the specific minerals of a size less than 0.002mm in dimension (Fábio et al, 2009; Nwosu et al, 2013 and Abuh et al, 2014)
Understanding the distinction between clay size and clay minerals is important because two samples of clay having identical particle size may have varying behaviours based on the clay minerals present (Gray et al, 2013)
The application of nanotechnology in the purification and treatment of wastewater may potentially revolutionize water treatment processes (Zhang, 2006; Vishnu and Bibi 2013; Gil et al,2011; Bhattacharya et al, 2013 ). Characteristics such as large surface area, high specificity, high reactivity, catalytic potential and the absence of internal diffusion resistance make nano-particles excellent candidates for water treatment applications (Bergaya et al, 2006)
Summary
Silver modified clay was prepared by adding 6.0g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) into 125ml of deionized water followed by 3g of silver nitrate (AgN03) with constant stirring until all the silver nitrate has dissolved. About 10g of purified clay was added in to AgNO3/NaOH solution and aged for 72hours. It was filtered and calcined at www.iiste.org. 4000C for 2hours, pounded in to powdered form by the use of glass mortar. This sample was labeled silver modified clay
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