Characteristics shifting of heart disease in pregnancy: A report from low middle-income country.

Abstract

Background: Heart disease in pregnancy is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. However, the characteristics of the disease vary between countries and regions. This study aimed to present the characteristics of pregnant women with heart disease in an economically advantageous region of a developing country.Design and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Weekly Report of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department to assess pregnant women with heart disease characteristics and pregnancy outcomes. A total sample of 69 pregnant women with heart disease regarding theirgestational age was included in the study. Variables observed were maternal characteristics, heart disease’s clinical parameter, and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Chi-square test was used to examine the different characteristics of congenital and acquired heart disease groups.Results: The prevalence of cardiac disease in pregnancy was 5.19%. Fifty-three point six percent of pregnant women with heart disease were suffered from congenital heart disease (CHD), while 46.4% were acquired heart disease (AHD). Most labor methods were Cesarean delivery, and 69.6% of women experienced cardiac complications. Maternal death was reported in 8.69% of cases. Four cases were CHD complicated by pulmonary hypertension, which leads to Eisenmenger syndrome. Two other cases were AHD complicated by Peripartum Cardiomyopathies. Although statistically insignificant, complications are more common in the AHD group than CHD.Conclusion: Cardiac disease prevalence in pregnancy is considered high, with CHD as the most common case, which significantly differs from other developing countries. Significance for public health This study will be valuable as a reference in managing heart disease in pregnancy, particularly in a low middle-income country. Through understanding the detailed characteristics of heart disease in pregnant women, the clinicians, stakeholders, and policymakers can take the best approach to solve heart disease in their countries.