Abstract
The parallel growth of urban areas and wild boar populations in recent years has increased the presence of this species around cities and in suburban areas, often leading to conflict with local people. In the Collserola Natural Park, situated within the metropolitan area of Barcelona, wild boar have become habituated to humans and urban settings because of direct feeding by local residents. Their attraction to these areas due to an abundance of anthropogenic food sources is especially strong during the warmer summer season when foraging conditions are poorer in their natural woodland habitat; the number of captures of habituated wild boar in peri–urban areas is significantly correlated with mean monthly temperatures. Habituated boar are primarily matriarchal groups, whereas adult and sub–adult (>1 year) males are significantly less represented than in non–habituated boars. In Collserola, habituated sub–adult and adult females are significantly heavier than their non–habituated counterparts and these weight differences increase with age; in the > 3 year–old age class they may be 35% heavier. Conflicts generated by the presence of wild boar in peri–urban areas are complex, and the responses by authorities are similarly diverse and often exacerbated by ambivalent public attitudes, both towards wild boar presence and applied mitigation measures. By 2010, at least 44 cities in 15 countries had reported problems of some kind relating to the presence of wild boar or feral pigs.
Highlights
The rapid expansion of urban areas means that metropolitan landscapes are becoming increasingly significant from the perspective of wildlife ecology
Wild boar population dynamics are often dictated by the abundance or scarcity of pulsed resources, such as mast seeding by oak (Quercus spp.) and beech (Fagus spp.) trees (Bieber & Ruf, 2005)
In this study we aimed to identify the main environmental factors associated with habituation incidence in the Collserola Natural Park (Barcelona, NE Spain), and to investigate potential differences in relation to sex, age, and weight between habituated and non–habituated wild boar
Summary
The rapid expansion of urban areas means that metropolitan landscapes are becoming increasingly significant from the perspective of wildlife ecology. Apart from the direct loss of habitat which occurs as a result of urban sprawl, there has been a dramatic increase in the contact zone between urban areas and wildlife habitat, often referred to as the wildland–urban interface (Radeloff et al, 2008). Wild boar population dynamics are often dictated by the abundance or scarcity of pulsed resources, such as mast seeding by oak (Quercus spp.) and beech (Fagus spp.) trees (Bieber & Ruf, 2005). This species has benefitted from changes in traditional agro–silvo–pastoral landscapes which have removed the limitations that hitherto existed for population growth. Confined mainly to rural, forested, mountainous, and similar natural areas with low human presence, in recent years wild boar have become increasingly habituated to urban areas (Kotulski & König, 2008)
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