Characteristics of the upper troposphere wind field according to the satellite measurements and their connection with climatic parameters

Abstract

The results of the study of the spatio-temporal variability of the main characteristics of jet streams and turbulence zones in the upper troposphere of the Northern Hemisphere according to measurements from European geostationary meteorological satellites for the period 2007 - 2018 are presented. Their relationship with the essential parameters of the Earth’s climate system — the temperature of the troposphere, the area of sea ice, and also large-scale atmospheric phenomena is considered. It has been shown that over the past 12 years there has been a significant increase in the area of regions occupied by relatively weak and moderate turbulence and a slight decrease in areas with strong and very strong turbulence. Based on the cross-wavelet analysis in the time-frequency space, the relationships between the variations in the areas of the turbulent regions and the majority of the characteristics of jet streams are revealed. A close relationship has been established between the characteristics of jet streams and the areas of turbulent zones with the temperature of the upper troposphere. In this case, the effect of temperature on the area of turbulent zones manifests itself indirectly through the characteristics of jet streams. A significant association of variations in the average area of the jet stream and the latitudinal position of its center with the area of sea ice are noted. According to spectral and wavelet analysis of the characteristics of jet streams, along with annual and quasi-biennial oscillations, short-period oscillations are observed with periods in the range of 10-40 days, which can be interpreted as a manifestation of Rossby waves..