Abstract
In this study, we compared four net radiation products: the fifth generation of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate (ERA5), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System Energy Balanced and Filled (EBAF), and Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX), based on ground observation data and intercomparison data. ERA5 showed the highest accuracy, followed by EBAF, GEWEX, and NCEP. When analyzing the validation grid, ERA5 showed the most similar data distribution to ground observation data. Different characteristics were observed between the reanalysis data and satellite data. In the case of satellite-based data, the net radiation value tended to increase at high latitudes. Compared with the reanalysis data, Greenland and the central Arctic appeared to be overestimated. All data were highly correlated, with a difference of 6–21 W/m2 among the products examined in this study. Error was attributed mainly to difficulties in predicting long-term climate change and having to combine net radiation data from several sources. This study highlights criteria that may be helpful in selecting data for future climate research models of this region.
Highlights
The Arctic has a complex climate system with atmosphere– ocean–land interactions and lower-latitude forcing that occur on various temporal and spatial scales [1]; this area is vulnerable to climate change [2, 3]
ERA5 data were more accurate than the other products, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.88, an RMSE of 19.02 W/m2, and a low mean bias error (MBE) of −0.26 W/m2
We evaluated the surface net radiation from reanalysis (ERA5 and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)) and satellite-based (EBAF and Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX)) products in the Arctic region
Summary
The Arctic has a complex climate system with atmosphere– ocean–land interactions and lower-latitude forcing that occur on various temporal and spatial scales [1]; this area is vulnerable to climate change [2, 3]. SRB can be used to characterize the net radiation, the balance between downward and upward shortwave solar radiation and longwave thermal radiation from the atmosphere and various surfaces [8]. It is effectively the remainder of the radiative energy on the Earth’s surface. Remote sensing of the radiative flux can provide information on a global scale, as well as point-scale data from ground observations [12] Due to these advantages, numerous radiative flux products have been derived from satellite and multispectral sensor data over the last decade [12]. Various radiative flux products of the Arctic from satellite data and reanalysis data have been made available
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