Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) involves complex immunomodulatory interactions between pathogens,biomaterials,and hosts,and correlates with alterations in the ratio of immune cells as well as in the concentration of immune checkpoint molecules.Prosthesis,biofilm,microorganisms,and host constitute a special and complex immune microenvironment.Fully studying the characteristics of immune microenvironment and potential targets of immunotherapy in orthopedic implant-associated infections are expected to provide a new direction for clinical treatment of PJI. An overview of the literature related to PJI and immune regulation at domestic and international sites was conducted to summarize and analyze the characteristics of the immune microenvironment and the potential value of related immunotherapy, aiming to provide new insights for the targeted treatment of PJI.
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