Characteristics of the genealogical structure of the herd of Aberdeen-Angus breed by blood types and DNA marker CASTUOGC282G

Abstract

Analysis of the research results showed that the antigen’s occurrence frequency by loci was distributed with high variability from 0 to 75%. At locus C, the concentration of R1 antigen was the highest in the groups of cows of Bismarck sires - 60% and Design - 75%. In the group of cows of the Bismarck bull, antigens W’ were not detected in the C locus and antigen V in the F-V locus, and antigens B’, 0’ in the B locus and H” in the S’ locus were not detected in the group of cows of the Design bull. Comparative characteristics of the main breeding traits of cows of two groups of locus B of the blood group did not reveal a significant difference in their productivity. At the same time, cows of the 2nd group with a live weight of 629.3±17.6 kg were superior to their peers of the 1st group by 7.4% (Р≤0.05), in terms of height in the sacrum (133.80±0.88 cm) - by 3.2% (Р≤0.01). The revealed difference in the indicators of breeding traits between groups of cows is associated with the genetic dominance of the sire Design bull and its prepotency. According to the results of genotyping of animals of two eco-groups according to the allelic composition of the CASTUOGC282G gene, the superiority of homozygous genotypes CC and GG relative to heterozygous CG in the Bismarck group by 0.12 and 0.24 units, in the Design group - by 0.25 and 0.17 units. The uterus of the Bismarck bull with the GG allelic set was significantly heavier than the females of the CC genotype - by 3.8% (P≤0.05), CC relative to CG - by 5.1 (P≤0.01) and GG close to CG - by 2.3% (P≤0.001). Similarly, female representatives of Design with genotypes GG had a significant advantage by 8.3% (P≤0.01) and CG by 10.7% (P≤0.001) compared with peers of the CC genotype. The cows of the sire group Design 1015 of three genotypes - GG, CC and CG were heavier than the cows of the Bismarck 5682 group by 11.6 (P≤0.001); 4.6 (P≤0.01) and 12.4% (P≤0.001). At the same time, the lowest indicator of the coefficient of variability was the height in the sacrum in both groups for all genotypes (3.66–2.19%), which indicates the genetic predisposition of animals to inherit this selection trait in offspring.