Characteristics of the extract of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp obtained from the cephalothorax using pressurized CO2

Abstract

► Cephalothorax flour from Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp showed high protein and total lipid contents. ► Multi-step CO 2 SFE at 150, 200, 250 and 300 bar was studied by taking aim carotenoids. ► Highest concentration of carotenoids in the extracts was obtained by using ethanol as a co-solvent. ► The highest yield was observed in first fractions, at 150 and 200 bar, and also in the presence of ethanol. The waste from shrimp processing contains various compounds such as proteins, lipids, chitin, carotenoids, minerals and aromatic compounds, whose percentages vary according to species, constituent parts, fishing site and season. Studies on the use of this byproduct by the food sector have been conducted, such as those regarding the flour of shrimp waste, preparation of flavored products, preparation of flavoring powder and even the recovery of the protein fraction of chitin and astaxanthin by enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, we investigate the characteristics of an extract rich in carotenoids obtained with pressurized carbon dioxide and ethanol as a co-solvent from the cephalothorax of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp. The operating conditions of the extraction involved two temperatures (40 and 50 °C) and two levels of solvent quality (CO 2 with and without ethanol). The pressure was gradually increased during each extract collection in 30-min starting at 150 bar and ending at 300 bar in increments of 50 bar. We observed that the productivity was higher in the presence of ethanol acting as a co-solvent at both temperature levels and was more pronounced at 50 °C; it was also observed that astaxanthin always appeared in greater amounts with respect to β-carotene for all experimental conditions evaluated in this study.