Abstract
From January 1, 2018, amendments to the Criminal Law, which provide criminal liability for the persecution of a person, came into force in Latvia. The constituent elements of persecution are defined as a specific form of violence.The aim of the paper is to describe the constituent elements of persecution based on the theory and practice of criminal law. During the study, the author provides a framework of the criminal law theory and outlines the elements of the persecution. The object of the study is the criminal relations, which arise from the persecution of another person. The subject of the study is the criminal legal framework to be followed for the determination of criminal liability. The following legal interpretation methods and approaches have been used in the study: grammatical, systematic, teleological, and historical, as well as analytical method for analysing doctrine and practice of criminal law. Doctrines of criminal law, national legislation, and the sources of legal literature relevant to the aim of the paper have been in the study, too.The analysis carried out leads to the conclusion that persecution covers a wide range of socio-psychological behaviour that manifests in the sacrifice’s victimization and specific harm caused to him/her. Persecution is an active illegal, threatening activity in the form of repeated or lasting tracking, surveillance of another person, expressing threats or unsolicited communication with such a person, if victim have had reasonable grounds to fear for their safety or the safety of their relatives
Highlights
The analysis carried out leads to the conclusion that persecution covers a wide range of sociopsychological behaviour that manifests in the sacrifice’s victimization and specific harm caused to him/her
The constituent elements of persecution are defined as a specific form of violence
The aim of the paper is to describe the constituent elements of persecution based on the theory and practice of criminal law
Summary
6. Vajāšanas subjekts ir ikviena fiziska, pieskaitāma persona, kura sasniegusi četrpadsmito dzīves gadu. 7. Nodarījums ir tīšs, to raksturo tiešs nodoms un speciāls nolūks, kura rezultāts ir iedvest bailes, un upurim ir bijis pamats baidīties par savu vai tuvinieku drošību. 8. Lai personu sauktu pie kriminālatbildības pēc KL 132.1 panta, jāpastāv objektīviem apstākļiem, kas pamatotu personas drošības apdraudējumu: 1) aizskarošām darbībām jābūt neatlaidīgām, traucējošām un ilgstošām, kas attiecīgajai personai iedveš bailes – uztraukties par drošību un nodara emocionālu kaitējumu; 2) darbībai ir jārada ietekme uz personas psihisko integritāti un rīcībai jāietver atkārtoti nozīmīgi notikumi. Darbībām jābūt veiktām tīši un ar nolūku iedvest bailes upurim; 3) darbībai ir jābūt cēloniskā sakarā ar bailēm par savu vai tuvinieku drošību. Apsūdzot personu KL 132.1 pantā paredzētā kriminālpārkāpuma izdarīšanā, precīzi jānorāda, kādā veidā rīcība ir izpaudusies no objektīvās puses (kā tā tika izdarīta)
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