Abstract
The article deals with the issues of etiology, clinic, prevention and biochemical parameters of blood in yaks with the presence of hoof pathologies kept in various pastures: highlands and valleys. The studies were carried out on 30 (n=30) yaks with hoof pathologies kept in Ovyursky (n=15) and Mongun- Taiginsky (n=15) regions of the Republic of Tajikistan in 2021-2022. In animals with clinically pronounced pathologies, blood samples were taken for biochemical studies. The following parameters were taken into account: ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, urea, calcium, phosphorus. The nature of pathological changes in the distal parts of the limbs is influenced by the sharply continental climate of the Republic of Tatarstan, a sharp change in the ground for a short time, rocky or swampy terrain. The anatomical features of the structure of the hooves are determined by the environmental conditions and the features of the static and dynamic functions of the limbs under these conditions. Compared to cattle, the horny wall of the hooves is up to 8 mm thick, the angles of the toes are more obtuse, the shape of the hoof is rounded with a horseshoe-shaped protrusion. The main pathologies of the hooves in animals kept on soft ground are deformations of the hoof horn in the form of acute-angled and curved ones. On rocky ground there are a large number of cracks and clefts concentrated on the heel parts of the wall. The consequences of injuries are inflammatory processes of an acute and chronic nature: aseptic diffuse laminitis (namins) localized on the side walls of the pelvic limbs in the area of the heels and the toe part of the sole of the chest limbs. A large number of diffuse purulent pododermatitis was found in the course of regeneration and completion of the formation of a double wall. Biochemical parameters of yak blood are characterized by an increase in the level of alanine aminotransferase, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, which is due to pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system.
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