Characteristics of suicide attempts in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in comparison with depression: A study of emergency room visit cases in Japan

Abstract

We worked on characterizing suicide attempts in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with mood disorders. This study population comprised 260 patients with F2 disorders (ICD-10), i.e., “schizophrenic group” and 705 patients with F3 disorders, i.e., “depressive group” who presented at the psychiatric emergency department of our hospital for 8years. They were compared in three age groups: young (≤24years), middle-aged (25–44years), and elderly (≥45years). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with the seriousness of the suicide attempt method. The schizophrenic group (≥25years) had a younger mean age and higher prevalences of “within-1-year suicide attempts” and “past suicide attempts” than the depressive group. The Schizophrenic group tended to use serious methods, such as “jumping from high places,” “throwing oneself in front of an oncoming train,” and “burning oneself,” in their suicide attempts, with “hallucination–delusion” accounting for an overwhelmingly large percentage of suicide attempt motives, irrespective of the age group. In the elderly group, the ratio of “no-housemate” patients was high. In all age groups, jobless individuals were prevalent, and the schizophrenic group had lower LCU (Life Change Unit) scores than did the depressive group. The middle-aged cases of schizophrenic group had higher BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) scores and lower GAS (Global Assessment Scale) scores. Regarding factors influencing the seriousness of the methods, a history of within-1-year suicide attempts increased the method seriousness in the schizophrenic group. Years of education correlated with the method seriousness in the schizophrenic group. Low scores of overall health on the GAS increased the method seriousness in both groups.