Characteristics of Solar Wind and Geomagnetic Conditions of Extreme Geomagnetically Induced Currents at the Vykhodnoy Station (2012–2018)

Abstract

We investigated 140 events with the largest geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) recorded at the Vykhodnoy station (65 MLat) in 2012–2018. The significant differences between the parameters of the solar wind and geomagnetic indices from typical values are shown. Distinctive increases in solar wind velocity and dynamic pressure, decreases of IMF Bz are found. The Kp, AE, AL, Dst indices, as well as the Dst rate of growth Dst/dt are significantly shifted from the usual values. The relationship with interplanetary shocks in the solar wind is also analyzed.