Abstract
The anatomy of the root caps in four root types of Avicennia marina were studied using conventional histological techniques by Ligth Microscopy (LM) in order to relate their development and structure of their function as environmental adaptation in mangrove’s root and to identify cellular polarities with respect to gravity. In columella cells, nuclei are located proximally. The result reveals that root caps consisted of two regions, i.e., central columella or statenchyma and peripheral regions. The columella cells (statocyte) are in the form of oval to rectangular. We also found that all root with marked gravitropism have statoliths that settle along different walls of that statocyte. Caps vary in form and size within root system of A. marina. The most striking feature of the root is the distinct and extensive root cap with quite long files of cells. From its shape, structure, and location, it seems clear that the root caps protects the cells under it from abrasion and assists the root in penetrating the soil.
Highlights
Avicennia marina is a common mangrove species on tropical and subtropical sea shores, swamps and stream banks [1,2]
We found that all root with marked gravitropism have statoliths that settle along different walls of that statocyte
Caps vary in form and size within root system of A. marina
Summary
Avicennia marina (the gray mangrove) is a common mangrove species on tropical and subtropical sea shores, swamps and stream banks [1,2]. It grows in estuaries where it is subject to tidal flooding and the soil is anaerobic. Each of them has its own particular growth direction, that is, vertical (both upwards and downwards) and horizontal, but there is lack information about the structure especially on the root cap of different root types that show the specific characters of different function and growth direction. The root cap is a specialized structure located distal to the root apical meristem of most higher plants. Besides providing protection against abrasive damage to the root tip, the root cap is involved in the simultaneous perception of a number of signals-pressure, moisture, gravity, and perhaps others—that modulate growth in the main body of the root [4]
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