Characteristics of preparatory actions of an athlete in training and competition activity

Abstract

This paper focuses on preparatory actions in training and competitive process. The article analyzes, summarizes and characterizes preparatory actions in terms of their implementation as the part of an exercise and sport activity in general. For the first time we have proposed classification of preparatory actions as a separate element of training process. The structure of this classification appear as the hierarchy of its constituent elements and their description based on the theory, methodology and practice of their application in sport activities. We have considered setup and preparation of sport equipment before competition exercises, visualization of a sport task, and its simulation without special tools and equipment to be separate actions of an athlete for the first time. Research methods and organization of research. We have used the following methods in our study: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, testing, generalization of information, and formalization of the data for mathematical statistics. Research results and discussion. The main part of the article called “Study of the forms and structure of preparatory actions. Characteristics of preparatory actions” contains description of the research, substantiated analysis, generalization and identification of the main structural elements in a sport exercise. Conclusion. The paper contains “Classification of preparatory actions of an athlete” in a convenient tabular form. The chapter “Preparatory actions in a sport training system” contains the analysis of classification of preparatory actions of an athlete presented in the Table. It describes the signs of preparatory actions and their characteristics in a sport training system. Practical significance of this study is to form the basis of classification of preparatory actions as the part of a sport exercise. The study introduces characteristics of such actions, and it describes their duality in the conceptual apparatus of scientific and methodological research. It enables coaches, athletes and specialists in the field of sport activities to apply new methodological techniques in the training process and to plan it in the annual cycle due to a new attitude to both the exercise itself and its constituent elements.