Characteristics of Prehospital Electrocardiogram Use in North Carolina Using a Novel Linkage of Emergency Medical Services and Emergency Department Data

Abstract

Objective: Prehospital electrocardiography (ECG) is recommended for patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), yet only 20–80% of chest pain patients receive a prehospital ECG. Less is known about prehospital ECG use in patients with less common complaints (e.g., fatigue) suspicious for ACS who are transported by emergency medical services (EMS). The aims of this study were to determine: (1) the proportion of patients with chest pain and less typical complaints, and (2) patient characteristics associated with prehospital ECG use in patients transported by EMS to emergency departments across North Carolina. Methods: A novel linked database was created between prehospital and emergency department (ED) patient care data from the North Carolina Prehospital Medical Information System and the North Carolina Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool. Institutional review board approval and a data use agreement were received prior to the start of the study. Patients ≥21 transported during 2010–14 by EMS with select variables were included. We examined patients’ complaints (symptoms), characteristics (e.g., race, ethnicity, final hospital diagnosis), and prehospital ECG use (yes/no). Analysis included descriptive statistics and mixed logistic regression. Results: During 2010–14, there were 1,967,542 patients with linked EMS-ED data (mean age: 56.9 [SD: 22.2], 43.2% male, 63.7% White). Of these, 643,174 (32.6%) received a prehospital ECG. Patients with prehospital ECG presented with the following complaints: 20% chest pain; 10% shortness of breath; 6% abdominal pain/problems; 6% altered level of consciousness; 5% syncope/dizziness; 4% palpitations; 12% other complaints; and 37% missing. Patients’ presenting complaints were the strongest predictor of prehospital ECG use, adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, urbanicity, and date and time of EMS dispatch. Conclusions: Patients with chest pain were significantly more likely to receive a prehospital ECG compared to those with less typical but suspicious complaints for ACS. Patients with less common presentations remain disadvantaged for early triage, risk stratification, and intervention prior to the hospital.