Abstract
A primary focus of rice breeding and production is the optimization of yield and quality. Currently, semi-waxy japonica rice is widely planted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River due to its good eating quality and strong reputation among consumers. However, little information is yet available on grain yield formation and rice quality characteristics of these semi-waxy japonica rice varieties with different grain yields. In this study, three high-yielding (HGY) semi-waxy japonica rice varieties and three low-yielding (LGY) semi waxy japonica rice varieties were compared for population quality and rice quality in 2018 and 2019. The average values of spikelet per panicle, 1000-grain weight, and total spikelet number of the HGY varieties were significantly higher than those of the LGY varieties, while the panicle number and filled grain rate showed the opposite. Compared with the LGY varieties, the HGY varieties had a larger leaf area index at each growth stage, with a larger high efficient leaf area composed of a larger leaf length and width and smaller leaf angles of the top three leaves, as well as a greater single stem-sheath weight, more total dry matter accumulation, and longer growth duration from elongating to maturity. There were significant differences in rice quality between the HGY and LGY varieties. Compared with the LGY varieties, the head milled rice rate of the HGY varieties decreased significantly, and the chalky kernel rate and chalkiness degree increased significantly. Due to the low protein content, high peak viscosity, trough viscosity, and final viscosity and breakdown, as well as low setback, consistence, and pasting temperature of the HGY varieties, their taste values were significantly better than those of the LGY varieties. These results suggest that the HGY varieties could achieve a synergistic improvement of grain yield and eating quality, but the milling quality and appearance quality require further improvement.
Highlights
As the global population increases, demand for rice is expected to double by 2050 [1].To ensure food security, high grain yield has long been the primary goal of rice breeding and cultivation [2,3]
We speculated that more spikelet per panicle and a larger 1000-grain weight are primary approaches for achieving a high yield with semi-waxy japonica rice, which is consistent with previous research [27]
We found no significant difference in the brown rice rate and milled rice rate across different grain yield types, but the head milled rice rate of the HGY varieties was significantly lower than that of the LGY varieties (Table 6)
Summary
As the global population increases, demand for rice is expected to double by 2050 [1].To ensure food security, high grain yield has long been the primary goal of rice breeding and cultivation [2,3]. A large number of studies have examined the mechanisms generating high-yield rice and required cultivation practices, as well as the characteristics of highyield rice varieties, such as greater total dry matter accumulation [5], larger sink capacity due to increased spikelet per panicle [6], higher leaf area and reduced decreasing rate of leaf area [7], improved canopy structure and root system [8], and more efficient use of temperature and light from elongating to maturity [9]. These findings have played a positive role in the breeding and cultivation of high-yield rice varieties, and the yield potential has significantly improved [10]
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