Characteristics of Poly(vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) Based Composites Integrated with Green Synthesized Al3+-Metal Complex: Structural, Optical, and Localized Density of State Analysis.

Shujahadeen B Aziz,Hewa O Ghareeb,Sarkawt A Hussen,Khayal K Ahmed,Elham M A Dannoun,Jihad M Hadi,Muaffaq M Nofal,Ahang M Hussein

doi:10.3390/polym13081316

Abstract

The influence of dispersing Al-metal complex on the optical properties of PVA was investigated using UV–visible spectroscopy. Polymer composite films with various Al3+-complex amounts in the PVA matrix were arranged by solution casting technique by means of distilled water as a widespread solvent. The formation of Al3+-metal complex was verified through Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) examinations. The addition of Al-complex into the polymer matrix led to the recovery of the optical parameters such as dielectric constant (εr and εi) and refractive index (n). The variations of real and imaginary parts of complex dielectric constant as a function of photon wavelength were studied to calculate localized charge density values (N/m*), high-frequency dielectric constant, relaxation time, optical mobility, optical resistivity, and plasma angular frequency (ωp) of electrons. In proportion with Al3+-complex content, the N/m* values were amplified from 3.68 × 1055 kg−1 m−3 to 109 × 1055 kg−1 m−3. The study of optical parameters may find applications within optical instrument manufacturing. The optical band gap was determined from Tauc’s equation, and the type of electronic transition was specified. A remarkable drop in the optical band gap was observed. The dispersion of static refractive index (no) of the prepared composites was analyzed using the theoretical Wemple–DiDomenico single oscillator model. The average oscillator energy (Eo) and oscillator dispersion energy (Ed) parameters were estimated.

Highlights

This article is an open access articlePolymer composites have been reported to be used as passive or active optical components for optoelectronics
The findings indicate that some issues, such as lifetime, price, and flexibility, which limit the applicability of conjugated polymers, can be described by using small bandgap poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) together with excellent film-forming ability in order to satisfy price-performance relationships
The UV-visible spectroscopy was employed to analyze the influence of dispersion of the Al3+ -metal complex on the optical properties of the PVA

Summary

Introduction

Polymer composites have been reported to be used as passive or active optical components for optoelectronics. Depending on their optical characteristics, they can be used as films with a high index of refraction, thin fififilm transistor, solar cells, light-emitting diodes, optical waveguides comprising materials, and photochromic materials [1]. Precipitation, coagulation, electrochemistry, ion-exchange, and membrane-based technologies are standard techniques for extracting elements from such sources. All these methods suffer from some limitations, such as the generation of sludges from the high demand for chemical additives, high energy consumption, expensiveness, and low sensitivity [4]. Major environmental pollutants are those heavy metals [5]

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