Characteristics of morphology and response of several soybean varieties to pests and diseases in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

South Sulawesi has long been known as the largest soybean-producing province in Indonesia and one of its supporters is the emergence of several soybean varieties that have responsiveness and adaptability to various agroecosystems and are tolerant to pests and diseases. Several soybean varieties that have been developed by farmers and brought South Sulawesi to be known as the largest soybean producer in Indonesia include Wilis, Mahameru, Anjasmoro, and Argomulyo. The Wilis variety emerged as a superior variety in South Sulawesi in the era of 1986-1989. This variety has higher responsiveness and adaptability as well as productivity (1.60 t ha−1) than Orba and Galunggung (1.50 t ha−1). Then in 1990-2012, the Mahameru variety appeared which was most favored by farmers at that time. The Mahameru variety has several advantages, including larger seeds (16.0-17.0 g) than Wilis (10.0 g) per 100 seeds. In addition, this variety is resistant to fall, resistant to leaf rust, and has higher productivity (2.0-2.5 t ha−1) than Wilis (1.6 t h a −1). From 2013 to 2018, the Anjasmoro and Agromolyo varieties emerged which have brought the name South Sulawesi known as the largest source of soybean seeds in Eastern Indonesia. This variety has several advantages over Mahameru, including being older, being more mature and adaptive to various agroecosystems, and being tolerant of pests and diseases. In 2019-2021 several soybeans have appeared, including the Derap-1, Deja-1, Dega-1, Detap-1, Devon-1, and Dena-1 varieties. This variety has several advantages compared to Anjasmoro and Argomulyo, including earlier age, larger seeds, higher productivity, resistance to fall, and more tolerance to pests and diseases. This variety also has high adaptability and response to various agroecosystems, including in paddy fields and dry land.