Abstract
Due to numerous transformation problems which determined the collapse of the industrial sector, unemployment and low living standards, an increasing number of working population leaves Serbia. For a very long time, Serbian emigration was directed primarily to the developed Western European countries (especially Germany and Austria). However, Slovakia has recently joined the narrow circle of countries-destinations for emigrants from Serbia. The article focuses on this wave of the working population emigration from Serbia to Slovakia and considers it in the framework of the contemporary migration theories, especially the push-and-pull factors theory. The research data was compared with the relevant data from previous studies. The research was conducted in the municipality of Kovačica (northern Serbia) with a questionnaire on the sample of 100 respondents (the snowball method was applied), and the authors also used various other data sources: statistical data (censuses, migration statistics, etc.), media reports and scientific papers. Given the unfavorable social-economic context of the Serbian working population emigration and the chosen theoretical framework, the authors considered economic factors as crucial for this wave of migration, which seems to be similar to the previous waves of migration. In general, this assumption was confirmed: emigrants from Serbia go to Slovakia for a variety of reasons, but the key ones are the small salary in Serbia, the impossibility to find a job in ones profession, and a poor financial and political situation in the country. On the other hand, Slovakia attracts Serbian migrants by offering possibilities to earn more money, to have higher living standards, better conditions for education and work, thus, promising a better and predictable future.
Highlights
The necessity to study international migratory routes is determined by the increasing mobility of workforce and by the importance of migrations for globalization
In the earlier waves of emigration, the most popular countries were Austria and Germany, in recent years, the emigration to Slovakia for temporary work has increased
In Serbia, economic factors of emigration seem to be dominant, which is the starting assumption of our research: for more than a quarter of a century, the Serbian society has been going through economic and social transformations characterized by strategic inconsistency, collapse of industry, rise of unemployment and, generally speaking, uncertainty
Summary
The necessity to study international migratory routes is determined by the increasing mobility of workforce and by the importance of migrations for globalization. Emigrants have different education and were not satisfied with their jobs in Serbia, more than a half work at factories in Slovakia (52%).
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